本文摘自：MVRDV（ID：MVRDV_China）
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MVRDV在印度的第一个项目“未来之塔”已经建成。未来之塔位于印度第八大城市浦那，浦那是印度发展最快的城市之一。未来之塔为浦那快速增长的各阶层人士提供了1068套公寓。这个可以容纳约5000人的建筑成为了一个真正的垂直村落。
MVRDV has completed its first project in India, Future Towers. Located in Pune, India’s 8th largest city and one of the fastest-growing cities in the country, Future Towers provides 1,068 apartments for a diverse section of the rapidly expanding population, a true vertical village that will house around 5,000 people in one building.
图/Image: © Ossip van Duivenbode
六角形的未来之塔，4个循环核心筒连接了9个住宅侧翼
Arranged on a Hexagonal Grid, Future Towers is features 9 housing wings connected by 4 circulation cores
未来之塔是Amanora Park Town社区的一部分。这个建成于2007年的社区源自马哈拉施特拉邦2005年颁布的一项法案，鼓励在城市附近开发住宅型“城镇”。这些城镇为年轻的专业人士提供了居住场所，他们被浦那汽车制造业和科技行业吸引而来此工作。随着印度的快速发展，浦那市郊的许多新建筑都是普通和重复的住宅塔楼。短短11年里，Amanora Park Town社区通过专注于开发低密度别墅及相傍的多样化和高品质的塔楼，如今已发展成为一个拥有约2.5万居民的社区。但它以开发更高密度、更相似的住房来加速扩张的压力一直存在。
Future Towers is a part of Amanora Park Town, a community created in 2007 thanks to legislation passed in 2005 by the state of Maharashtra to encourage the development of residential “townships” near its cities. In Pune, these townships help to house the young professionals attracted to the city by its auto-manufacturing and technology sectors but, as with much of the rapid development all over India, many of the new buildings on Pune’s outskirts are generic, repetitive residential towers. In just 11 years, Amanora Park Town has grown to over 25,000 residents by focusing on a diverse, high-quality mixture of towers alongside low-density villas. But the pressure to expand faster with more high-density, low-individuality housing was ever-present.
图/Image: © Ossip van Duivenbode
MVRDV对未来之塔的设计旨在为这种普通和重复的住宅塔楼提供一种替代方案，同时仍以和往常一样的低价交付公寓(这是因为不同住宅项目之间争夺新住户的竞争非常激烈)。MVRDV用一个有山峰和山谷的山形结构替代了一群独立建筑，1068套公寓被统一规划在一个建筑中。除了富有表现力的外形，未来之塔的设计实际上源于MVRDV基于印度住宅的系统性研究。
MVRDV’s design for the Future Towers aimed to offer an alternative to this pattern, while still delivering apartments at the usual low price (since competition for new residents between different housing developments is fierce). Instead of a cluster of freestanding buildings, MVRDV’s response to the brief was a singular mountainous structure with peaks and valleys, under which 1,068 apartments are unified in one building. However, despite its expressive appearance, the design of Future Towers in fact stems from a series of methodical decisions based on MVRDV’s research into Indian housing.
图/Image: © Ossip van Duivenbode
该项目坐落于印度浦那郊区的Amanora Park Town社区
The context for the project is the new township of Amanora Park Town, on the outskirts of Pune
未来之塔与普通住宅有一个重要的不同之处，它需要令开发商相信不同类型住宅单元的混合将使整个项目更加充满生气。通过这种方式，该建筑将确保爆炸式增长的印度各中产阶级住户都能融入其中——包括刚到这座城市的年轻专业人士；年长且已经成家的居民；无论家庭的大小和收入水平。45平方米到450平方米不等的公寓混合在一起，山形的建筑以及因此形成的变化的楼层平面，使多样性得以实现。
A critical deviation from the norm was to convince the client that the entire development would be more vibrant with a mixture of different units. This way, the building would ensure that users from the full spectrum of India’s exploding middle class all mingle—including young, mobile professionals who are new to the city; older, established residents; and families both large and small, all at a range of income levels. Apartments ranging from 45 square metres to 450 squaremetres are mixed together, a diversity enabled by the building’s mountainous shape and the shifting floor plans that it generates.
图/Image: © Ossip van Duivenbode
“亚洲的城市发展如此迅速，千篇一律的住宅塔楼是常态。”项目主创建筑师、MVRDV联合创始人Jacobvan Rijs说道： “我们的设计努力提供更丰富的多样性，将来自不同背景的人们聚集在一起。最初的总体规划包含了16座独立的塔楼，所有塔楼都或多或少拥有相同类型的公寓。MVRDV团队深入研究了现代印度住宅，并设计了一个系统，以此创造出一栋融合了不同公寓类型的建筑。该项目将吸引不同收入水平的居民，这将有利于实现Amanora Park Town社区的多样性。得益于开发商愿意尝试新的事物，在不降低居民舒适度的前提下，我们实现了大规模住宅的所需的功能。”
“In Asia cities are growing so fast, and uniform repetitive residential towers are the norm”, says Jacob van Rijs, principal and co-founder of MVRDV. “With our design, we are making an effort to offer more variety and bring people from more different backgrounds together. In the original master plan, 16 separate towers were planned, all of which would have more or less the same type of apartments. The MVRDV team thoroughly researched modern Indian housing and came up with a system to create a mix of different types of apartment inside one building. This project will attract residents with a variety of incomes, something that will benefit the diversity of Amanora Park Town. Thanks to the client’s willingness to try something new, the efficiency needed for mass housing has been achieved without cutting back on residents’ comfort.”
图/Image: © Ossip van Duivenbode
色彩丰富的走廊和被称为“穴”的大型社交空间，分散在塔楼中，为大型建筑增添了生气
The large building is enlivened bycolourful passages and large social spaces, known as 'scoops', scattered throughout the housing wings
印度的建筑成本较低，但电梯费用相对昂贵，住宅设计通常应用的的经济学原理可能会颠倒过来；因此，相较于建造多个拥有独立核心筒和较少走廊的塔楼，减少电梯核心筒的数量并与走廊相结合是一种更经济的选择。根据这个计算结果，MVRDV的设计特色是围绕4个循环核心筒布置9个17层到30层不等的住宅侧翼。
Because construction costs are low in India, and elevators comparatively expensive, the economics usually applied to residential design could be inverted; thus a reduced number of lift cores combined with corridors were in this case more economically desirable than having many towers, each with its own core and fewer corridors. As a result of this calculation, MVRDV’s design features 9 housing wings ranging from 17 to 30 storeys arranged around just 4 circulation cores.
图/Image: © Ossip van Duivenbode
六角形的体量使公寓拥有广阔的视野，并在底层围合出一个开放的大型公共庭院。“山峰”可以优化日照条件，由此产生的倾斜屋顶能够提供私人和公共的露天平台。主立面混合了正常大小、两层高、两层宽，甚至L形的露台，已经暗示了住宅的多样性。由露台创造出的大开洞，被称为“穴”，色彩鲜艳，进一步突出了强烈的图像化外观，这些开洞穿透建筑的立面并与中央走廊相连，不仅提供了公众聚会的空间，并确保了公共空间的对流通风。这些空间为满足长廊消防规范并提供避难空间的需求而设计，有助于赋予建筑的不同区域一种“邻里认同感”，每个开洞都被设计为容纳不同的活动(如瑜伽或迷你高尔夫)或不同类型的居民(如青少年或幼儿)。
The slabs form a hexagonal grid, which allows for wide views from the apartments and leaves large open public courtyards at ground level. The ‘peaks’ allow for optimized daylight conditions and the resulting inclined roofs allow for a number of exterior terraces, both private and communal. Recessed balconies on the main facades of the residential slabs themselves hint at the diversity of the homes behind, with a mixture of normal size, double-height, double-width and even some L-shaped balconies. The strong graphical appearance created by the balconies is accentuated by large, brightly coloured openings known as “scoops” that puncture the building’s façade to connect with the central corridor, providing public meeting spaces and cross ventilation in all communal spaces in the process. These spaces—which originated in the need to provide refuge spaces to meet the fire code requirements for long corridors—help to give a sense of “neighbourhood identity” to different parts of the building, with each scoop designated for a different activity (such as yoga or mini golf) or for a different type of resident (such as teens or toddlers).
图/Image: © Ossip van Duivenbode
这些元素为建筑的立面引入了色彩、邻里认同感以及兴奋感
These elements bring colour and a sense of community and excitement to the building's façades
底层的庭院由四层楼高的三角形大门连接，形成了一条500米长的步行道，包含不同的功能，一些空间用于玩耍，另一些则作为运动场所、花园等等。这些令人印象深刻的活动设施之所以能够实现，是因为该项目的开发规模：一个项目中拥有如此多的公寓，50米的游泳池之类的豪华设施只在总成本中增加了很小的一部分。
The courtyards below are linked by four-storey-high triangular gates, creating a 500-metre-longwalk, and also feature different uses, with some designated for play, and others for sport, garden spaces, and more. This impressive list of amenities was made possible by the scale of the development: With so many apartments in one project, luxury features such as a 50-metre lap pool only add a fraction to the overall cost.
图/Image: © Ossip van Duivenbode
虽然MVRDV的设计思路集中于重新思考印度的住宅，但该方法同时继承了典型住宅的优点。一个简单而有效的自然通风系统，既可以为公寓降温，也可以从厨房抽出油烟，使用空调系统因此成为了住户的一个非必选项。建筑的平面设计还融合了Vastu Shastra的理念。Vastu Shastra（通常被认为是印度的风水学），早就预料到了印度的新发展。
While much of MVRDV’s approach focused on rethinking Indian housing, the design also recogniseswhich features should carry over from typical housing developments. A simple yet effective natural ventilation system, which both cools the apartments and can help extract air from kitchens, helps to make personal air conditioning units optional for residents. The floor plans also incorporate the principles of Vastu Shastra, the traditional system of architecture (often described as India’s answer to Feng Shui) that has long been expected of new developments in India.
图/Image: © Ossip van Duivenbode
该设计将45平方米到450平方米不等的公寓组合在一起
The design contains a mixture of apartments, ranging from 45 to 450 square meters
该建筑只是Amanora Park Town社区未来之塔项目的第1阶段，项目共包含3个阶段，由3500套住宅组成。MVRDV目前正在进行该项目的第2阶段。
The completed building is just the first phase of the larger Future Towers project at Amanora Park Town, which comprises 3 phases and around 3500 dwellings in total. MVRDV is currently working on the second phase of the project.
图/Image: © Ossip van Duivenbode
“环境敏感”、“多样化”和“以社区为中心”，人们在想象一座容纳5000人以上的建筑时，这可能不是他们首先会联想到的词语。但MVRDV未来之塔试图颠覆这一观念。这是一个理解印度住房需求和印度文化期望的建筑，在一个全新的城镇背景下重新想象如何以一种更好的方式将居民和城市融合起来。
Though “context-sensitive”, “diverse”, and “community-focused” may not be the first terms that come to mind when imagining a building that houses over 5,000 people, MVRDV’s Future Towers is an attempt to upend those perceptions. It is a building that understands the demands of Indian housing and the expectations of Indian culture, and uses the context of a brand new township to reimagine how they can be combined in a way that is better for both residents and cities at large.
MVRDV 事务所由Winy Maas, Jacob van Rijs和Nathalie de Vries于1993年在荷兰鹿特丹创立。其设计和研究旨在为全球的当代城市规划和建筑设计提供解决方案。已建成的项目包括2000年汉诺威世博会荷兰馆，鹿特丹的市集住宅，天津滨海图书馆，香奈儿水晶屋，宝格丽吉隆坡旗舰店等。MVRDV的作品遍布全球，并多次获得国际奖项。MVRDV同时与荷兰代尔夫特理工大学开展合作，开设了The Why Factory，一个探讨未来城市规划与建筑的智库与研究机构。
