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地拉那金字塔（Pyramid of Tirana）改造项目现已动工：在MVRDV的重新设计下，这一位于阿尔巴尼亚首都的重要地标建筑将于不久后展现出全新的面貌。
Construction has started on the Pyramid of Tirana, the brutalist monument in the heart of Albania’s capital city. MVRDV’s design will see this crucial heritage building, once the showpiece of Communist dictator Enver Hoxha, dramatically renovated.
▼地拉那金字塔现状，Pyramid of Tirana – existing site © MVRDV
原先的混凝土结构将得到重新利用，中庭空间及其周围的空间也将得到绿化和开放。金字塔的内部和外部空间将被贯通，形成一座由咖啡厅、工作室、研讨室和教室等空间组成的“小型村落”――有望成为阿尔巴尼亚文化生活的新中心和年轻一代的活动根据地。
▼设计示意，design concept © MVRDV
▼改造过程动图示意，process gif. © MVRDV
The concrete structure will be reused, the atrium and its surroundings greened and opened, and a small village of cafes, studios, workshops, and classrooms – where Albanian youth will learn various technology subjects for free – will permeate the site, both inside and outside the pyramid itself. The Pyramid is thus expected to become a new hub for Tirana’s cultural life and a carrier for the new generation.
▼改造后效果图，Pyramid Tirana – rendering © MVRDV
一系列阶梯将被安置在倾斜的混凝土梁上，使游客可以在这座旧独裁者的“纪念碑”上安全穿行，并直接登上金字塔的顶端。其中一根混凝土量将以斜坡的形式被保留下来，想要冒险的游客可以从上面直接滑下。这些新的台阶也可用于观光和举办临时活动，使得金字塔和周围的广场重新成为地拉那文化生活的焦点。
▼阶梯&路径示意：diagrams – stairs and routes © MVRDV
▼整体轴测图，overview © MVRDV
Steps are added to the sloping concrete beams, making it safe for visitors to literally walk over this former museum to the country’s dictator, right to the top of the pyramid – preserving the appropriating that began with the citizens of Tirana. One of the beams will be preserved as a slope that visitors can slide down – at their own risk. These steps can also be used for sightseeing and temporary events, returning the Pyramid and the surrounding plaza to their function as an important central point for cultural life in Tirana.
▼游客可以直接登上金字塔的顶端，visitors are able to walk right to the top of the pyramid © MVRDV
▼内部空间，internal space © MVRDV
▼中庭，atrium © MVRDV
金字塔的改造将向人们展示一座建筑如何在适应新时代的同时保留其复杂的历史，并证明粗野主义建筑是再利用的理想选择。该项目同样契合了联合国提出的一系列可持续发展目标：其坚固的混凝土外壳没有被拆除和浪费，而是基于循环经济的原则进行改造。该原则在外部阶梯的设计中得到了进一步发展，原先用于装饰外墙的石砖被重新利用为新混凝土表皮的原料。
The transformation of the Pyramid shows how a building can be made suitable for a new era, while at the same time preserving its complex history, and demonstrates that historic brutalist buildings are ideal for reuse. The project also meets a number of the Sustainable Development Goals outlined by the United Nations. Rather than wastefully demolish the structure, its robust concrete shell is adapted along circular economy principles. This principle is further developed in the design of the exterior steps, which use the stone tiles that originally adorned the façade as aggregate in the new concrete.
▼动工仪式现场，the official start of construction © MVRDV
除了新增加的几个用于教学计划的盒子结构需要专门进行气候控制以减少能耗，建筑的主体将在一年中的大部分时间向周围环境开放。全新的功能和用途将提高建筑的社会可持续性，与之同步的教育计划将促进下一代的成功与发展。
As the majority of the structure is open to the surroundings for most of the year, only the added boxes housing the educational program need to be climate-controlled, reducing energy consumption. Social sustainability is advanced in the building’s new use, with the educational programme advancing education and preparing the next generation for success.
▼顶视图，top view © MVRDV
▼完整改造步骤，all steps © MVRDV
Facts
Project Name: The Pyramid of Tirana
Location: Tirana, Albania
Year: 2018+
Client: Albanian-American Development Foundation (AADF)
Size and Programme: 11,835m2 – educational facility
Credits
Architect: MVRDV
Founding Partner in charge: Winy Maas
Partner: Stefan de Koning
Design Team: Ronald Hoogeveen, Angel Sanchez Navarro, Boris Tikvarski, Stavros Gargaretas, Leo Stuckardt, Guido Boeters
Visualisations: Antonio Luca Coco, Luca Piattelli, Jaroslaw Jeda, Luana La Martina, Gianlorenzo Petrini Strategy and Development: Willeke Vester, Daan van Gool
Images: © MVRDV
Copyright: MVRDV 2021 – (Winy Maas, Jacob van Rijs, Nathalie de Vries, Frans de Witte, Fokke Moerel, Wenchian Shi, Jan Knikker)
Partners:
Albanian-American Development Foundation (AADF), Municipality of Tirana
Education partner: TUMO Tirana
