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作为2020年迪拜世博会人气最高的3个展馆之一，“Terra可持续展馆”于2021年正式向公众开放，旨在向人们展示建筑的独创性和无限可能，同时也回应了社会对于未来可持续生活智能策略的期望。展馆的设计灵感源于光合作用等复杂的自然过程，其动态的形式回应了自身的功能：从阳光中获取能量，同时从潮湿的空气中汲取淡水。该设施的优势在于其能够展示在极端的沙漠环境中实现可持续生活的新方式，因此，建筑与场地、与物理环境以及文化环境的关系均有着重要的意义。
▼Terra可持续展馆鸟瞰，Aerial general view of the Sustainability Pavilion at Expo 2020 site © Dubai Expo 2020
Terra – The Sustainability Pavilion, opened to the public in 2021 as one of the top three attractions of the Expo 2020 Dubai, and aims to illuminate the ingenuity and possibility of architecture as society looks to intelligent strategies for future sustainable living. Drawing inspiration from complex natural processes like photosynthesis, the dynamic form of the Pavilion is in service to its function, capturing energy from sunlight and fresh water from humid air. The relationship of building to site, and to its physical and cultural contexts is critical, as the facility’s strength lies in its capacity to demonstrate a new way of living sustainably in a challenging desert environment.
▼剖面图，section © GRIMSHAW
展馆坐落在一个显著的位置，它与展示花园、蜿蜒的小路以及阴凉空地的精致景观形成了和谐的关系，共同创造出一个充满魔力的光环，人们可以在其间通过视觉、嗅觉和触觉与大自然亲密接触。展馆的花园兼具了体验性和功能性，为馆内的展览内容提供了舞台背景，同时也为人群的汇聚和疏散提供了舒适的空间。
Sited in a prominent location, the Pavilion structure works in tandem with the considered landscape of demonstration gardens, winding pathways and shaded enclaves to create an aura of magic punctuated by the sights, smells and tactile opportunities of nature. The gardens are both experiential and functional, setting the stage for the exhibition contents within and creating shaded gathering areas that will manage and distribute crowds while providing retail, food and beverage opportunities.
▼整体外观：一个充满魔力的光环
Overall view: an aura of magic © Dubai Expo 2020
为了使建筑能够在恶劣的气候条件下自己产生能源和水，设计团队需要从多个方面提出解决方案。要实现净零耗能，就必须将技术、建筑系统和设计方案融合为一个共同运作的整体。这一自给自足的微型生态系统结合了多种不同的策略，包括优化场地固有的自然条件；利用这些条件来实现效率的最大化；借助首创的可持续技术来实现具有革新意义的解决方案。
When creating a building with a goal of generating its own energy and water in a harsh climate, the solution cannot be driven by a single aspect of the design. To achieve net-zero, the design required a series of technologies, building systems and design solutions to act in unison. This self-contained, micro-ecosystem resulted from a combination of strategies: optimizing the natural conditions inherent in its location; working with and within them to maximize efficiency; and supplementing them with pioneering sustainable technologies to create innovative solutions.
▼展馆日景，Daytime view © Phil Handforth
▼展馆夜景，Terra night view © Phil Handforth
“效率最大化”是设计的直接驱动力，具体的方法是通过地面以下的空间来寻求阴凉。展馆利用土地的绝缘特性来抵御极端的环境温度——夏季月份的温度可飙升至50℃。大部分设施均设置在地面以下，由土质屋顶系统遮盖，有助于降低冷却负荷并节约能源。地面以上的立面采用了石笼防水墙，由来自哈贾尔山的当地石材筑成，能够提供足够的热质量以吸收热量；石材的自然色彩亦有助于反射阳光。
▼轴测分解图，Terra – exploded axo © GRIMSHAW
The design is driven by maximizing efficiency which it does by seeking shade in the one place available: below the ground. The Pavilion uses the insulating properties of the earth to shield it from the harsh ambient temperatures which can soar to 50 degrees in the warmer months. Most of the accommodation is below grade and cased with an earth roof system, creating a substantial barrier to help reduce its cooling loads and conserve energy. The above ground surfaces are clad with a gabion rainscreen wall – sourced with local stone from the Hajar Mountains – which provides enough thermal mass to absorb the heat while the stone’s natural color reflects the sun.
▼Terra展馆和旁边的“能源树”，The pavilion and the E-Trees © Phil Handforth
▼地面以上的立面采用了石笼防水墙 © Phil Handforth
The above ground surfaces are clad with a gabion rainscreen wall
▼入口，Entrance © Phil Handforth
展馆的绿色屋顶和各个花园都种植着来自周围沙漠的植物（其中包括一些从未被人类栽培过的品种），创造出节水的景观，可通过一系列闭环系统来实现水的过滤、补给和回收。这些具有本土特征的地形和花卉构成了一个基本的框架，在此之上结合以水循环和再利用技术，能够促使游客对该地区的独特性及其生物多样性产生新的认识。此外，场地中还包含了以含盐种植带和其他试验带为特色的生产型农业景观。
Flora and fauna sourced from the surrounding deserts – including some species that have been never been cultivated by humans – are arranged on the planted roofs and throughout the gardens, creating a water efficient landscape that functions through a series of closed loop systems designed to filter, supply and recycle water. The framing of these local topographical and floral features, combined with the technologies of water recycling and reuse, provide visitors a newfound appreciation of the unique region and its biodiversity. The site also includes areas for productive agricultural landscape featuring halophytic agriculture and other testing beds.
▼节水的花园景观，Water efficient landscape © Desert Ink
▼花园细节，Detailed view © Desert Ink
位于展馆中央的户外庭院是整个建筑的高潮部分，它在展现当地风土人情的同时，为游客们提供了一个被动降温的开阔场地。在设计过程中，团队利用热力学研究进行了盛行风的建模，旨在为展馆引入凉爽宜人的西南风，同时阻挡温暖的气流。
The culmination of the building’s systems can be found in the heart of the Pavilion, its large exterior courtyard. Borrowing from the vernacular of the region, the courtyard provides a large, passively cooled space for visitors. During the design, thermodynamic studies charting the prevailing breezes were used to shape the courtyard to allow desirable cool south-westerly breezes to enter while blocking warmer winds.
▼展馆顶棚鸟瞰，Aerial view to the Pavilion’s canopy © Dubai Expo 2020
在庭院上空，展馆的顶棚容纳了6000多平方米的、嵌入玻璃板中的超高效率单晶硅光伏电池。电池和玻璃外壳的结合使建筑得以在利用太阳能的同时，为下方的游客提供遮挡和采光。庭院内的大树营造出荫蔽的空间，并在地面上投下斑驳的光影。
Soaring over the courtyard, the Pavilion’s canopy accommodates more than 6,000 sqm of ultraefficient monocrystalline photovoltaic cells embedded in glass panels. The combination of the cell and the glass casing allow the building to harness solar energy while providing shade and daylighting to the visitors below. The experience in the courtyard is of being beneath a large shade tree with dappled light projecting onto the surfaces below.
▼中央庭院，The heart of the Pavilion © Phil Handforth
▼环形走廊，The circular corridor © Phil Handforth
顶棚的形式与庭院共同作用，一方面直接引入了冷空气，另一方面则通过中央的烟囱效应将低处的热空气排出。顶棚同时还是一个大型的雨水和露水收集器，能为建筑的水系统提供补充。最终的展馆不仅结合了最先进的太阳能捕获技术，还展现了对场地自然环境的清晰理解，在实现被动降温、改善游客体验的同时，还可以主动自发地产生能量。
The form of the canopy works with the courtyard to direct cool air in, while simultaneously exhausting low-lying hot air through a chimney effect at the centre. The canopy also serves as a large collection area for stormwater and dew that replenishes the building’s water system. The result is a structure that combines the most advanced technology in solar capture and a clear understanding of the natural conditions of the site to actively generate energy while passively cooling and enhancing the experience of the visitor.
▼顶棚可通过中央的烟囱效应将低处的热空气排出 © Phil Handforth
The form of the canopy can exhaust low-lying hot air through a chimney effect at the centre
▼顶棚的玻璃板中嵌入了超高效率单晶硅光伏电池 © Phil Handforth
Ultraefficient monocrystalline photovoltaic cells are embedded in glass panels
Terra可持续展馆还容纳了6000平方米的展览空间，在世博会结束后将作为科学博物馆持续地发挥作用，从而进一步扩展其“探索可持续发展实践，呵护脆弱星球”的光荣使命。
With over 6,000 sqm of exhibition space, the Sustainability Pavilion will enjoy a long life after Expo is over, transforming into a science museum and expanding on its mission of exploring sustainable practices and the critical stewardship of our fragile planet.
▼大厅，Lobby © Phil Handforth
▼公共区域，Public area © Phil Handforth
▼礼堂，Auditorium © Phil Handforth
▼展馆内部体验，Internal experience © Expo 2020 Dubai (left); Phil Handforth (right)
▼展览场景，Exhibitions © Phil Handforth
能源树
ENERGY E-TREES
能源树装置进一步帮助展馆实现了自行生产能源的目标。19棵顶部直径在15-18米之间的能源树（E-tree）分散在整个场地，能够为建筑提供所需能源的28%。能源树的设计灵感源于龙血竭（只生长在距离也门海岸200英里的索科特拉岛），它被设计为一种可展开的独立遮阳结构，能够捕获太阳的能量。能源树的结构由钢和一些复杂的复合材料构成并经过优化，可支撑一个跨度为18米的光伏阵列。
▼能源树分解示意，E-Trees diagram © Grimshaw Architects
The Sustainability Pavilion is complemented by an installation of Energy Trees which contribute toward its goal of producing its own energy. Nineteen E-trees ranging from 15-18m in diameter are dispersed throughout the site and provide 28% of the energy required to power the building. Inspired by the Dragon’s Blood, a tree found only on Socotra, an island 200 miles off the coast of Yemen, the E-Tree is designed to be a deployable freestanding shade structure that harvests the sun’s energy. The structure is constructed from steel and complex composites and has been optimized to support an 18m photovoltaic array.
▼能源树被设计为一种可展开的独立遮阳结构，The E-Tree is designed to be a deployable freestanding shade structure © Phil Handforth
在大自然的启发下，该阵列能够像向日葵一样跟随太阳的移动，并在一天中旋转180度，最大限度地提高能量产额和太阳能电池的效率。在夜间，能源树的“树冠”将重新回到其原来的位置。树冠的三层玻璃之间嵌入了由高效单晶硅太阳能电池组成的特制梯形电池板，为其下方的空间带来荫蔽，同时又不会投下浓重的阴影或阻挡人们望向天空的视野。
Taking further cues from nature, the array follows the sun in the same manner as a sunflower, rotating 180 degrees throughout the course of the day to maximize the energy yield and increase the efficiency of the solar cells, before returning to its original position at night. Bespoke trapezoidal panels composed of highly efficient monocrystalline solar cells, embedded within three layers of glass, provide shade below without casting severe shadows or blocking views to the sky.
▼从花园望向能源树装置，View from the garden © Phil Handforth
▼树冠的三层玻璃之间嵌入了特制的梯形电池板
Bespoke trapezoidal panels are embedded within three layers of glass © Phil Handforth
用于支持该阵列的碳纤维结构参考了游艇方向盘的设计，最大限度地提高了形状的强度，其径向分支的外围环绕着压缩环，减少了结构本身的负荷。选择碳纤维的原因是其重量很轻，可以在没有支撑的情况下使树冠的轮廓向各个方向延伸至9米。
Supporting the array is an engineered carbon fibre structure inspired by the design of the steering wheel of a yacht. The structural design maximizes strength in its shape, with radial branches encircled by a compression ring while decreasing the load of the structure itself. Carbon fibre was chosen for its light weight which allows the form to extend unsupported for up to nine meters in all directions.
▼碳纤维支撑结构，Carbon fibre structure © Phil Handforth
能源树已经成为了展览和展馆场地的一部分，被用于向参观者展示和说明关于太阳能利用和光伏板技术的研究，同时也作为系统的组成部分促进了建筑净零能耗目标的实现。
The E-Trees have become an integral part of both the exhibition and the Pavilion site – showcasing and educating visitors on the research on solar harnessing and panel technology – while at the same time, serving as an integral part of the systems that contributes to a net zero energy goal of the building.
▼能源树夜景，E-Trees by night © Phil Handforth
▼整体鸟瞰，Aerial general view © Dubai Expo 2020
▼设计草图，Sketch © GRIMSHAW
▼场地平面图，Site plan © GRIMSHAW
▼首层平面图，Plan Ground Floor © GRIMSHAW
▼地下层平面图，Plan Basement © GRIMSHAW
▼东西剖面图，East-West Section © GRIMSHAW
▼南北剖面图，North-South Section © GRIMSHAW
PROJECT DATA
Client: Emaar Properties & Expo 2020 Dubai
Location: Expo Road
Dubai South, Jebel Ali
P.O. Box 2020
Dubai, United Arab Emirates
Website: www.expo2020dubai.com/en/understanding-expo/sustainability-district
Completion date: January 2021
Gross square footage: 17,000 sqm
Project cost: confidential
Photography credit: Phil Handforth – Handforth Photography www.philhandforth.com
PROJECT TEAM
Grimshaw: architect
Buro Happold: engineering
Desert Ink: landscape architecture
Thinc Design: exhibition design
Eden Project: exhibition content
OTHER CONSULTANTS
Rice Perry Ellis: local architect
Sherwood Design Engineers: civil engineering, water management
Cerami: AV, IT, acoustics, security
Tricon: food service
Orca: crowd flow
RWDI: climate analysis
Thinc Design: exhibition design
Eden Project: exhibition content
TAW Weiss: maintenance
Arch4Blind: accessibility
Charcoal Blue: theatre design
Lord Cultural: operations
Friday Group: specifications
