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丹麦建筑事务所Cobe最近宣布完成了位于哥本哈根的Opera公园项目。在这个城市充满建设活动的时期，自然休闲空间变得越来越稀缺。然而，在历史悠久且人口密集的市中心，内港的一个黄金地段并未被商业开发，而是被改造成一个郁郁葱葱的绿色小岛，其中包括六个花园和一个温室。Opera公园位于丹麦皇家歌剧院和Cobe即将完成的Paper Island之间，为人们提供了一个摆脱城市喧嚣生活的自然避风港。
Danish architecture studio Cobe announces the completion of The Opera Park in Copenhagen. In a time of intense construction activity throughout Copenhagen, green recreational spaces have become more and more scarce. Yet, in the heart of the dense and historic city center, one of the inner harbor ’s prime locations has not been developed, but transformed into a lush, green park island, featu- ring six gardens and a greenhouse. Situated between The Royal Danish Opera and Cobe’s soon-to-be- completed Paper Island, The Opera Park offers a green escape from the bustling life of the city.
▼项目概况，project review @francisco_tirado
直面当今挑战的浪漫主义花园
A romantic garden addressing today ’s challenges
在2019年的一场设计竞赛后，A.P. Møller基金会委托丹麦建筑事务所Cobe，为哥本哈根内港的一个原工业岛设计新的公园。该地点位于丹麦皇家歌剧院旁边，自20年前歌剧院完工以来，这里一直是一片朴素的草坪。如今这里的境况被彻底改变。原本是开发住宅的黄金地段已经成为一个多样且充满自然景观的地带，被命名为Opera公园。这个新的公共海滨公园与哥本哈根内港的密集建筑形成强烈的环境对比。
In 2019, following a design competition, The A.P. Møller Foundation appointed the Danish architecture studio Cobe to design a new park at a former industrial island in Copenhagen’s inner harbor. Located next to The Royal Danish Opera, the site had been a modest green lawn since the completion of the Opera nearly 20 years ago. Utterly transformed today, the island which was otherwise prime for the development of new housing, is now home to a diverse and natural landscape. Named The Opera Park, this new public harbor-front park creates a green counterpoint to the otherwise densely built inner harbor of Copenhagen.
▼城市背景，site review @francisco_tirado
这个占地有三个足球场大小的公园包括六个来自世界各地的花园：北美森林、丹麦橡树林、北欧森林、东方花园、英国花园和位于中心的温室和中庭的亚热带花园。多样化的花园中有喷泉、睡莲池和一个倒影池。当水滴从桅杆上轻轻打击水面时，产生一种舒缓的韵律。蜿蜒的小径和有机形状的花坛将公园的各个元素连接在一起。
The park, with the size of three soccer fields, consists of six gardens from various parts of the world: the North American Forest, the Danish Oak Forest, the Nordic Forest, the Oriental Garden, the English Garden, and the Subtropical Garden housed within a greenhouse and atrium at its center. The diverse gardens hold surprises such as a fountain, a water lily pond, and a reflecting pool where drops of water from a mast gently strike the water’s surface in a soothing rhythm. Meandering paths and organically shaped flowerbeds knit together the park’s elements.
▼整个公园由多个花园组成，park consists of six gardens from various parts of the world @francisco_tirado
Cobe的创始人、哈佛大学教授Dan Stubbergaard解释说：“在忙碌的城市发展过程中，Opera公园是一个自然至上的地方。通过各个花园、蜿蜒小径和精心设计的观景点，该项目汲取了哥本哈根历史上浪漫主义的花园元素，以解决当今的挑战，包括生物多样性的下降和稀缺的水资源管理。该公园为城市提供了一个急需的绿洲，用于大众的娱乐、放松和思考。在公园漫步时，你会感到仿佛离开了城市，沉浸在自然中，几乎忘记自己正处于繁忙的市中心。”
Dan Stubbergaard, Founder of Cobe and Professor at Harvard, explains: “The Opera Park is a place where nature comes first amidst Copenhagen’s bustling urban development. With its six gardens, winding paths and carefully crafted viewpoints, the project seizes elements of Copenhagen’s historical, romantic gardens to tackle today’s challenges such as decline in biodiversity and water management. Designed for recreation, relaxation and contemplation, the park provides the city with a much-needed green oasis. As you stroll through the park, you get the feeling of having left the city and being immersed in nature, almost forgetting you are in the middle of the dense city center.”
▼公园内喷泉，springs inside the park @francisco_tirado
▼供公众漫步的公园，when you stroll through the park, you left the city behind @francisco_tirado
全年绿洲为多彩生活搭建舞台
A year-round oasis, setting the stage for all kinds of life
该公园的设计旨在成为一年四季都吸引人的公共景点。这个公园拥有不少于628棵树木、80,000多株多年生草本植物和灌木，以及来自世界各地的40,000多株球根植物。总共有223个独特的外来和本地植物品种，为参观者提供丰富而不断变化的环境。植被的外表、香气、颜色和疏密随着季节而变化。春天呈现出丰富的色彩，夏天带来各种绿意，秋天展示红色和黄色调，冬天以常绿松树和结冰的池塘为主。植物种类的广泛多样性和尺寸的多样性也为鸟类和昆虫提供了丰富的食物和栖息地。
Designed to be an inviting, all year-round public attraction, the park features no less than 628 trees, 80,000 herbaceous perennials and bushes, and 40,000 bulb plants, from all around the world. In total, 223 unique exotic and local species provide a vibrant and ever-changing backdrop for visitors. The vegetation’s appearance, scent, color, and density vary with the seasons. Spring blooms in a rich color palette, summer brings various shades of green, autumn showcases red and yellow tones, and winter is dominated by evergreen pine trees and frozen ponds. The wide variety of plant species and diversity of sizes provides a rich environment for birds and insects to find food and shelter.
▼丰富而不断变化的环境，a vibrant and ever-changing backdrop @francisco_tirado
Dan Stubbergaard 解释到：“在哥本哈根的核心地段，Opera公园为体验自然提供舞台。如戏剧舞台一般，公园将景观如前景、中景、背景一般放置。多达80000棵植被和600棵树木被用于创造一个面向港口的布景般的“舞台”，较高的地形和树木构成“舞台”的背景，较低的植被则构成朝向港口的前景。
Dan Stubbergaard elaborates: “The Opera Park sets the stage for experiencing nature in the heart of Copenhagen. Like an opera stage, the park is a composed landscape with a foreground, a middle ground and a background. The 80,000 plants and 600+ trees are placed to naturally create a scenic setting facing the harbor. The terrain and trees are tallest where they create the background, and lowest in the foreground towards the harbor.”
▼由景观组成前景、中景和背景，composed landscape with a foreground, a middle ground and a background @francisco_tirado
中心温室
A greenhouse at the heart
除了花园以外，公园还设有一个带有咖啡馆的中心温室，可通往地下停车场。温室被设计成有机形状的玻璃结构，顶部如悬浮一般，在游客穿越郁郁葱葱的景观时带给他们惊喜。温室和咖啡馆确保Opera公园即使在荒凉的冬季也能保持活力。在温室内，露台逐层下降到停车层，该停车场可容纳多达300辆汽车。而亚热带生态区也下沉到地下，将公园与地下层垂直编织在一起。
In addition to the gardens, the park features a central greenhouse with a café, giving access to car parking underneath the park’s surface. The greenhouse is designed as an organically shaped glass structure with a hovering roof, intended to surprise and delight visitors as they navigate the lush landscape. The greenhouse and café will ensure that The Opera Park remains a vibrant destination year-round, even during winter when many of Copenhagen’s parks are desolate. Inside, the greenhouse terraces down to the parking levels, which accommodate up to 300 cars, while its subtropic biotope also descends to vertically weave together the park with the underground levels.
▼带有咖啡馆的中心温室，a central greenhouse with a café @francisco_tirado
▼温室室内，greenhouse interior @francisco_tirado
▼中心温室天花, central greenhouse ceiling @francisco_tirado
▼和地下停车场相连，connected with the underground parking @francisco_tirado
▼楼梯细部，staircase detail @francisco_tirado
和剧院的连通
A covered connection to the Opera
Opera公园还通过一个经过景观设计的桥梁顶部的有遮盖的人行道，与相邻的丹麦皇家歌剧院相连，在停车设施和歌剧院之间形成了一个能抵挡恶劣天气的通道。对应温室的建筑风格，人行道的曲面玻璃和悬浮般的屋顶在蜿蜒的路径中遥相呼应。作为通往岛上的三座桥梁之一，这个连接充分融合了景观和建筑，成为穿越港口运河的自然之景。
The park also features a covered connection to the adjacent Royal Danish Opera via a covered walkway atop a landscaped bridge, allowing a weather protected link between the parking facility and the Opera. Echoing the architecture of the greenhouse, the walkway’s curved glass and floating roof evokes the landscape design in its meandering path. As one of three bridges to the island, the connection is designed as a piece of nature crossing the harbor canal, fully integrating landscape and archite- cture into one.
▼与相邻的丹麦皇家歌剧院相连，a covered connection to the adjacent Royal Danish Opera @francisco_tirado
从雨水和阳光中获益
Benefitting from rain and sun
对于Opera公园而言，雨水是一个有价值的资源。从丹麦皇家歌剧院的屋顶流入地下，再被用于对温室植物的灌溉。人行道都由可渗透性的小石子构成，而多余的雨水在雨床中被收集来渗透和蒸发。景观桥上的植被屋顶收集雨水然后流向植物，并且为公园中的动物群提供饮水。剧院屋顶的太阳能板为地下停车场，公园和温室提供电力。公园选择了坚固且可完全回收的材料。丰富的植被面对来自港口与海洋的强风，形成强有力的屏障，降低了气候的影响，也提高了整个公园的舒适度。
Rainwater is considered a valuable resource for the park, channeled from the roof of the Royal Danish Opera into underground water reservoirs used for greenhouse irrigation. Pathways are designed with a permeable gravel surface, and excess rainwater is collected in rain beds for infiltration and evaporation. The green roofs of the landscaped bridge and greenhouse capture and delay the release rainwater to the site while also serving as a food source for the park’s fauna. Solar panels on the Opera’s roof provide power to the underground parking facility, the park and the greenhouse. The park’s chosen materials are robust and fully recyclable, while the abundance of trees and plantings shield against strong winds coming from the harbor and the sea, reducing turbulence and increasing the level of comfort for park users. Furthermore, the elevated terrain safeguards the island from flooding during heavy rainfall and significant rises in the harbor water level.
▼植被屋顶收集并输送雨水，green roofs capture and delay the release rainwater @francisco_tirado
Opera公园于2023年9月27日对外开放。该公园由A.P. Møller基金会捐赠给大众用于公众休闲娱乐。每天从早上7点开放到晚上11点，并保持全年开放。
The Opera Park opened to the public on September 27, 2023 and can be accessed for free. The park is open daily from 7:00 AM to 11:00 PM all year round and was donated by the A.P. Møller Foundation as a public recreational space in Copenhagen.
▼为公众提供休闲娱乐场所，a public recreational space @francisco_tirado
▼场地平面，site plan @Cobe
▼场地剖面，section @Cobe
Location: Copenhagen, Denmark
Client: The Opera Park Foundation
Donation: The A.P. Moller Foundation
Program: Public park including greenhouse with café and underground car park for up to 300 cars Size in total: 21,500 m2
Size greenhouse: 680 m2
Architect and landscape architect: Cobe
Engineers: Vita, Via Trafik, DBI and Lüchninger Meyer Hermansen
Contractors: Hansson og Knudsen, Bauer, Redtz Glas og Façade, HSM Industri, GK Danmark, Bravida Danmark, Høyrup & Clemmesen, KONE, Phønix Tag, Jakon, Areo, Terrazzo.dk, Raadvad Maleren, Snedkerierne, OKNygaard, Palmproject Europe, Scanview Systems, Zurface, Retail Reflexions, Vector Foiltech
Parking spaces: 300
Charging stations: 48 AC chargers and 1×2 DC chargers
Bicycle parking spaces: 100
Time period: 1st prize in competition: 2019, construction period: 2020-2023, completion: 2023
